Diabetes is a disease in which your body doesn’t produce enough or properly respond to insulin, the hormone that helps your cells absorb carbohydrates from food. Without insulin, your body can’t absorb carbohydrates — also known as sugar or glucose — so the carbohydrates build up in your blood, giving you high blood sugar or high blood glucose. And since your cells aren’t getting the sugar they need for energy, you feel run-down and hungry.
Lesson 6
LIVING WITH DIABETES
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DIABETES FAQWhat is diabetes?Diabetes is a disease in which your body doesn’t produce enough or respond properly to insulin, the hormone that helps your cells absorb carbohydrates from food. What is the difference between Type 1 and 2 diabetes?Type 1 diabetes means that your body attacks the cells that make insulin, and once those cells are all destroyed, your body can no longer make insulin. Type 2 diabetes means that your body still makes insulin, but either doesn’t make enough or can’t absorb enough of it. How do carbohydrates affect blood sugar?The carbohydrates you eat directly affect your blood sugar. Eat too many and your blood sugar will be higher than normal (this is called being hyperglycemic). Eat too few and your blood sugar will be lower than normal (this is called being hypoglycemic). You want your blood sugar to stay as stable as possible throughout the day, so you don’t get sick. What kind of carbohydrates should someone with diabetes consume?People with diabetes need carbohydrates to keep their bodies functioning, just like everyone else. But it’s important to get carbohydrates from the right foods. You want to get your carbohydrates through nutrient-dense foods like whole grains, low-fat or fat-free milk, fruits or veggies. You also want to get your carbohydrates through high-fiber sources because it slows down your digestion, preventing your blood sugar from rising too quickly. Should someone with diabetes avoid exercise?No. Exercise is essential for better health and those with diabetes should exercise moderately for at least 30 minutes a day, five or more days a week. Be sure to talk to your doctor about any limitations, and how exercise might affect your blood sugar or current dosage/timing of medication. But remember, always start slowly and step up your workout gradually. What are some symptoms of hypoglycemia (blood sugar too low)?Symptoms can include feeling weak, tired, shaky, irritable, hungry, confused or anxious; sweating excessively; having a headache; or even losing consciousness. |